Until I read this study, I was firmly in the “walking is activity, not exercise” camp. Before you run me out of town, let me explain and then I’ll eat my hat.
The human body is designed to seek efficiency when it comes to living, moving, and grooving.
Let’s look at a slightly extreme example. Runners (in grossly simple terms) get faster and go farther because the musculoskeletal system becomes more efficient at moving the legs. The cardiovascular system becomes better at supplying oxygen to the muscles. And the cellular energy systems (remember mitochondria - the powerhouse of the cell?) improve how they produce energy and clear energy byproducts.
Cyclists are the same. What may have been hard at the beginning of a training phase becomes easier with focused training.
That’s efficiency.
Walking is the same. If you struggle to walk around the block, you’ll get better the more you work at it. Eventually, you’ll add distance and speed. As the walking becomes less of an effort, the benefits shrink as well.
And this is where I’m partly right but mostly wrong.
This method, developed by researchers at Shinshu University in Japan, is deceptively simple and surprisingly effective. It’s particularly well-suited for busy adults, older populations, or anyone who doesn’t love traditional cardio but still wants the benefits.
Let’s break down what it is, why it works, and how you can start today.
Japanese Interval Walking Training is a structured walking program that alternates between moderate-paced and fast-paced walking, based on time intervals rather than distance or heart rate.
Repeat this cycle 5 times for a total of 30 minutes.
That’s it.
This may sound almost too simple to be effective—but that’s exactly why the science behind it is so compelling.
The roots of IWT go back to the early 2000s, when Dr. Hiroshi Nose and his team studied the effects of alternating walking speeds on health and fitness in older adults. Over a decade of research—including multiple randomized controlled trials—has shown:
In one study, over 600 adults with an average age of 68 participated. Those who walked at a consistent moderate pace for six months saw no significant health improvements. (This is the part I was right about.)
But the interval group? They made dramatic gains in every major metric. (This is the part I was wrong about!)
It’s the classic case of
intensity over duration, applied in a smart and sustainable way.
IWT leverages the principles of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)—short bursts of effort followed by recovery—but it does so in a low-impact, joint-friendly format. The fast walking segments raise your heart rate, engage more muscle groups, and stress your cardiovascular system enough to drive adaptation. The moderate walking provides active recovery without full rest, keeping your metabolism elevated.
It’s also self-regulating. You don’t need a heart rate monitor or fancy gear—just your own body’s sense of effort. Most people can feel the difference between walking “comfortably” and walking “as fast as possible without jogging.”
If you can walk, you can do IWT. Here’s a simple plan:
Consistency is key. Even 4 days per week of IWT has been shown to provide substantial improvements.
Japanese Interval Walking Training is one of those rare gems in fitness: a low-barrier, evidence-based practice with broad benefits and little downside. Whether you're looking to improve your heart health, build endurance, drop body fat, or just feel more energetic, this is one of the most efficient ways to do it—especially if you don't love traditional cardio.
At Vitruvian Fitness, we’re all about helping you move better, feel stronger, and live longer—with practical tools that fit your life. IWT is a great example of that philosophy in action.
Ready to try it? Lace up, set a timer, and start walking your way to better health—3 minutes at a time.
If you are training for a huge cycling event, or a half-marathon, or a triathlon, or something else that’s super cool like that, specificity in your training rules. Just because IWT has myriad health benefits, those benefits don’t correlate to performance improvements beyond the beginner level in any other sporty pursuit. You still have to swim, bike, and run to get better at swimming, biking, and running.
Let’s play!
Sources
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379116557_Health_benefits_of_interval_walking_training
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